Mines d´or de l´Andavakoëra ,Madagascar . 1913 Share certificate

Description

One share certificate  of the
"Mines d´or de l´Andavakoëra"
,Madagascar, 1913 .Condition (opinion):Very Good+ /Fine (VG+/F) . Pinholes .Part of document arttached at back  .Tears or cuts: -. Printer: Imp.Hemmerlé et Cíe(Paris).One handwritten signature.
Use this picture for reference only, serial number may be different.
Please read carefully the sale terms ,shipping conditions and information below. The buyer accepts those terms, conditions and cost described.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Terms of sale and shippig information
Postage, including packing material, handling fees : Europe: USD 9.00 / USA $ 9.99. Rest of the World: USD 11.15.
FREE of postage for other items.
(excluding
purchases under US.00 with a weight greater than 100 gr. including the protection and packaging card ) .
Only one shipping charge per shipment (the highest one) no matter how many items you buy (combined shipping).
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Guaranteed genuine -
One
month
return
policy
(retail sales) .
Returns accepted with no questions.
Customers are invited to combine purchases to save postage.
As we have (or could have) more than one identical  item ,the serial number may differ from those shown in the picture which is for reference only.
For purchases above .00 we send the orders registered with tracking number without extra charge, for purchases below .00 we ship as regular letters at the buyer's risk.
For purchases below $ 70,00 who want to register your letter with tracking number, please add an extra for : Europe .20 , U.S. .00 ,Rest of the word .90 .For this case ,please request  or wait  for our invoice before paying.
Postage include packaging material and handling fees.
For some destinations and purchases below .00 customers may be requested for this extra shipping payment in order to register the shipment with tracking number.
We reserve the right to cancel transactions that require the sending of unregistered letters (without tracking number) to some destinations when this extra payment has been requested.
For purchases over .00, the excess weight will be free.
For purchases under US.00 with a weight greater than 100 gr. including the protection and packaging card, the buyer is asked not to make the payment until receiving the invoice or shipment note, since the cost will be calculated and the type of shipment will be assessed (registered or insured or not) and the buyer will be charged the approximate total of the costs of the Post Office rate (rates that are public and can be consulted), in this case the costs of packaging materials, handling and delivery management are free.
In the event that the buyer has already made the payment, he will be asked to pay the difference that is missing for the payment of the postal rate. Likewise, we reserve the right to cancel transactions that have not been paid this extra amount when requested.
If for any reason, your item did not arrive yet, or you are not 100% satisfied with the item you have received, please do not hesitate to contact , I will do all it takes to provide the best service.
Full refund policy ,including shipping cost, guaranteed in case of lost or theft after the completion of the complaint with Spanish Correos for the registered letters
(free of extra charges for purchases abobe .00 or with the extra charge paid for purchases below .00).
The buyer must notify to us of the delay in the arrival of his purchase when he meets 3 weeks ( to Europe) to 4 weeks (rest of the World) this guarantee expires two months after the shipment of his purchase if we have not previously received notice of the delay
.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Banknote Grading
UNC
AU
EF
VF
F
VG
G
Fair
Poor
Uncirculated
About Uncirculated
Extremely Fine
Very Fine
Fine
Very Good
Good
Fair
Poor
Edges
no counting marks
light counting folds OR...
light counting folds
corners are not fully rounded
much handling on edges
rounded edges
Folds
no folds
...OR one light fold through center
max. three light folds or one strong crease
several horizontal and vertical folds
many folds and creases
Paper
color
paper is clean with bright colors
paper may have minimal dirt or some color smudging, but still crisp
paper is not excessively dirty, but may have some softness
paper may be dirty, discolored or stained
very dirty, discolored and with some writing
very dirty, discolorated, with writing and some obscured portions
very dirty, discolored, with writing and obscured portions
Tears
no tears
no tears into the border
minor tears in the border, but out of design
tears into the design
Holes
no holes
no center hole, but staple hole usual
center hole and staple hole
Integrity
no pieces missing
no large pieces missing
piece missing
piece missing or tape holding pieces together
See below related information from the web:
Token
-
Départ d’un convoi vers les mines d’Andavakoera devant le Comptoir d’Escompte (rue de la Marne) à Diego Suarez
We left Alphonse Mortages, at the height of prosperity and notoriety, and the Andavakoera mines in full production... Was the sumptuous epic of northern gold going to continue? In any case, it would take a much less romantic turn as it entered the industrial era.
The extension
We have seen that in 1909 production reached its highest peak, reaching a figure of 1,282 kg. Could the land of Andavakoera continue to provide such rich harvests of the fabulous metal? In fact, from 1910, it seems that production had begun to decline: purchases of gold from gold miners represented 316 kg in 1911 and only 213 kg in 1912. L'Echo des Mines reported the fact: "For the first time, in 1911, gold no longer topped the list of export values. As gold, which gold miners found practically on the surface, was becoming rarer, it was necessary to look for it underground, which meant undertaking considerable work. This is what L'Echo des Mines further underlines, in 1911: "As on most Malagasy placers, the extraction of gold began in Andavakoera, by washing the sands and alluvium by panning, and This method of extraction still provides, at present, a significant boost to production. It was only when the alluvium was exhausted, or at least when its treatment became less remunerative, that the existing deposits were attacked. After having extended their concessions on the surface, Mortages and Grignon therefore attacked the subsoil: in 1913, 1,267m of galleries were drilled. The Andavakoera gold field includes 7 extraction centers, each headed by a European chef. The oldest post is that of Ranomafana, opened in 1906. The most recent is that of Beresika, opened in 1909. But the most productive is that of Andimakaomby (opened in 1908) on which excavations went to more than 20 m depth. To all these operating centers, Mortages gave names recalling the places that are dear to him: “Diego”, of course, but also the toponyms of his native region: “le Roussillon”, “le Canigou” (the sacred mountain from his region), “Nieffach” (his hometown).
The new facilities
This work, and in particular the crushing of quartz, required a move to more efficient methods of crushing than the stones previously used by the Antaimoro to grind the ore. As early as 1910, the Echo des Mines reported that “MM. Mortages and Grignon installed a factory in Betsiaka comprising five batteries of five pestles, of the common type from Frazer and Chalmer's, powered by steam and capable, theoretically, of crushing one hundred tonnes of quartz per day. This factory was to use the run-off from the Ranomafana petro-siliceous deposit, brought on wagons using a 7km long decauville. Sophisticated machines for the time, a railway, an electricity line and a telephone line, a new road created expressly to facilitate communications between Diego and Andavakoera, an army of workers, engineers from France... The Andavakoera mines had brought northern Madagascar into the industrial era!
Yes, but things are getting worse...
One franc coin of the Andavakoera Gold Mines Company
One franc coin of the Andavakoer Gold Mines Company
It represents the parrot which gives its name to the region (Andavakoeara = where there are parrots). A currency of necessity is a means of payment issued by a public or private organization and which, temporarily, supplements the official currency (coins and notes) issued by the State when it runs out.
The first setbacks
First of all, the results are not there. Indeed, it quickly became evident that the ore extracted did not have a high enough grade to be processed. To put it more simply, there were no veins rich enough to be processed industrially: the most profitable method seemed to be the one that had been used until then: buying gold from gold miners. Indeed, the gold of Andavakoera being, according to geologists, “capriciously distributed”, it would have been necessary beforehand, before drilling galleries and digging wells “to have recognized deposits presenting a sufficient tonnage and a suitable content”. However, this was not the case in Andavakoera. Furthermore, the lack of labor slowed down the work; in 1911, the Annuaire Général de Madagascar reported that the production of gold mines was paralyzed due to the underground work carried out. Incidents or accidents occur: collapse of a trench, attacks on money convoys, brawls between workers... In July 1911, the Economic Bulletin reported that due to insecurity, positions had to be increased of police in the Andavakoera region and organize a system of liaison patrols between the various stations of all the.......
-----------------------------
Nous avons laissé Alphonse Mortages, au comble de la prospérité et de la notoriété, et les mines d’Andavakoera en plein rendement... La fastueuse épopée de l’or du nord allait-elle se poursuivre ? En tous cas, elle allait prendre un tour beaucoup moins romanesque en entrant dans l’ère industrielle.
L’extension
Nous avons vu qu’en 1909 la production avait atteint son plus haut pic, atteignant alors le chiffre de 1 282 kg. La terre d’Andavakoera pouvait -elle continuer à fournir d’aussi riches moissons du fabuleux métal ? En fait, dès 1910, il semble que la production ait commencé à diminuer : les achats d’or aux orpailleurs représentent 316 kg en 1911 et seulement 213 kg en 1912. L’Echo des Mines signale le fait : «Pour la première fois, en 1911, l’or ne vient plus en tête des valeurs à l’exportation». L’or, que les orpailleurs trouvaient pratiquement à la surface, se faisant plus rare, il fallait aller le chercher sous la terre, c’est à dire entreprendre des travaux considérables. C’est ce que souligne encore L’Echo des Mines, en 1911 : «Comme sur la plupart des placers malgaches, l’extraction de l’or a commencé à Andavakoera, par le lavage des sables et des alluvions à la batée, et ce mode d’extraction fournit encore, à l’heure actuelle, un appoint important à la production. Ce n’est que lorsque les alluvions se sont épuisés, ou tout au moins, que leur traitement est devenu moins rémunérateur, que l’on a attaqué les gîtes en place ». Après avoir étendu leurs concessions en surface, Mortages et Grignon s’attaquent donc au sous-sol : en 1913, 1 267m de galeries ont été percées. Le champ aurifère de l’Andavakoera comprend 7 centres d’extraction, dirigés chacun par un chef européen. Le poste le plus ancien est celui de Ranomafana ouvert en 1906. Le plus récent est celui de Beresika, ouvert en 1909. Mais le plus productif est celui d’Andimakaomby (ouvert en 1908) sur lequel les fouilles sont allées à plus de 20 m de profondeur. A tous ces centres d’exploitation, Mortages a donné des noms rappelant les lieux qui lui sont chers : « Diego », bien sûr, mais aussi les toponymes de sa région natale : « le Roussillon », « le Canigou » (la montagne sacrée de sa région), « Nieffach » (sa ville natale).
Les nouvelles installations
Ces travaux, et notamment le broyage du quartz, imposaient le passage à des modes de concassage plus efficaces que les pierres qu’utilisaient jusqu’alors les Antaimoro pour broyer le minerai. Dès 1910, l’Echo des Mines signale que « MM. Mortages et Grignon ont installé à Betsiaka une usine comprenant cinq batteries de cinq pilons, du type courant de la maison Frazer et Chalmer’s, actionnée à la vapeur et capable, théoriquement, de broyer cent tonnes de quartz par jour. Cette usine devait utiliser le tout-venant du gîte petro-siliceux de Ranomafana, amené sur wagonnets au moyen d’un decauville de 7km de longueur ». Des machines sophistiquées pour l’époque, une voie ferrée, une ligne électrique et une ligne téléphonique, une nouvelle route créée tout exprès pour faciliter les communications entre Diego et Andavakoera, une armée d’ouvriers, des ingénieurs venus de France... Les mines d’Andavakoera avaient fait entrer le nord de Madagascar dans l’ère industrielle !
Oui, mais voilà, les choses se gâtent...
Pièce d’un franc de la Société des Mines d’or d’Andavakoera
Pièce d’un franc de la Société des Mines d’or d’Andavakoer
Elle représente le perroquet qui donne son nom à la région (Andavakoeara = là où il y a des perroquets). Une monnaie de nécessité est un moyen de paiement émis par un organisme public ou privé et qui, temporairement, complète la monnaie officielle (pièces et billets) émise par l'État quand celle-ci vient à manquer.
Les premiers revers
Tout d’abord, les résultats ne sont pas au rendez-vous. En effet, il fut rapidement évident que le minerai extrait n’avait pas une teneur assez élevée pour être traité. Pour parler plus simplement, il n’y avait pas de filons suffisamment riches pour être traités industriellement : la méthode la plus rentable semblait être celle qui avait été utilisée jusque là : acheter l’or aux orpailleurs. En effet, l’or d’Andavakoera étant, selon les géologues, « capricieusement réparti », il aurait fallu au préalable, avant de percer des galeries et creuser des puits « avoir reconnu des gîtes présentant un tonnage suffisant et une teneur convenable ». Or, ce n’était pas le cas à Andavakoera. Par ailleurs, le manque de main d’œuvre ralentissait les travaux ; en 1911, l’Annuaire Général de Madagascar signale que la production des mines d’or est paralysée en raison des travaux souterrains effectués. Des incidents, ou des accidents se produisent : effondrement d’une tranchée, attaques de convois d’argent, rixes entre ouvriers... En juillet 1911, le Bulletin économique signale que en raison de l’insécurité, on a dû augmenter les postes de police dans la région de l’Andavakoera et organiser un système de patrouilles de liaison entre les divers postes de tous les sent.......